Issues Regarding Health Care Delivery for Diabetes

S. Type 2 diabetes occurs in (often overweight) adults 45 years of age and over, designated by so-called insulin resistance, or the body's failure to use insulin properly. Because such(prenominal) symptoms as obesity, proud seam pressure, and renal dysfunction atomic number 18 not necessarily associated with high-blood-sugar levels associated with diabetes, the set is often not diagnosed until it is so far advanced that earnest vision- and circulation-related consequences of the full-blown disease (aggravations of chronic illness) cannot be reversed.

Diabetes is classified, along with such other chronic ailments as heart disease, arthritis, mental retardation, and high blood pressure, as a 1996 study of chronic illnesses reports. major chronic conditions as a class afflict somewhat 99 million patients and comprise

$470 billion a year in direct wellness costs, according to the study, the first comprehensive horizon of the issue in 30 years. Indirectly, they cost $234 billion in lost productivity from those who are disabled or gnarl prematurely.

According to Dancer, et al., medical simple machinee for diabetes mellitus costs more than $ one hundred billion annually, $10 billion for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients alone. "Those with chronic ailments," writes Rosenblatt, "represent 46% of the patients seeking medical care each year only if account for 76% of the nation's health care b

It seems clear that diabetes affects health-care preservation to the patient by the health-care scheme and in conjunction with individuals associated with the patient. Special problems attend a diagnosis of diabetes, which does not lend itself to the kind of heroic medical interventions associated with car accidents or even heart attacks. Instead, the anticipation of chronic, basically incurable illness as the individual's defining bodily condition makes a different category of demands on patient, the patient's close associates, and health-care system alike. In human terms, chronic illness does not demand heroes notwithstanding as it were concerned citizens who are in the project of delivering health care for the long haul.

Such health care delivery belongs to a different exercise from performing, say, an appendectomy, and the results of the medical intervention into diabetes calculate to be far less conclusive than for acute cases.

Nor is the cost measured solely in financial, institutional, or indeed physical terms, for chronic conditions are perforce ongoing conditions that do not necessarily do to the remedies associated with heroic interventions in acute-disease diagnoses. This fact makes the social organisation of health-care delivery problematic for diabetes patients. Rosenblatt makes the point that health-care delivery systems in the U.S. are well suited to the task of acute and crisis treatments, not least(prenominal) because of advances in high-technology, expensive medicine. But these same institutions--burdened, so to speak, as they are with high-technology equipment and practices--are less well suited to or besides less well organized around the challenges of providing ongoing individualized care, a "low-tech" need that may not respond easily to high-tech medicine. As a consequence of the labor-intensive rather than equipment-intensive needs that surface around chronic illness, the family structures to which (low-tech) caregiving responsibilities pass away are strained. Human costs associat
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